Day: 5 December 2013

Students and graduates should be the least likely to join a cult, yet in almost every cult the vast majority of recruits are well-educated graduates or students. Take the recent case of the Maoist cult accused of keeping women as slaves, almost all of the women in the cult were either students or recent graduates. One member Sian Davis who died in 1997, was a high-flying law student studying for a Masters degree at the London School of Economics before she was recruited. Another, Aishah Wahab was an overseas students who won a Commonwealth scholarship to study surveying.

Why do well-educated people like Sian Davis and Aishah Wahab, join groups which anyone with the slightest amount of common-sense should be able to see through as utterly crazy mumbo-jumbo? Ian Haworth, founded the Cult Information Centre, a charity which provides advice and information about cults for victims, their families and friends and the media.

“It flies right in the face of what most people would imagine. Most people that are smart assume that cult victims must have a big problem to gravitate towards a cult. That means the smart people believe that they don’t need to put up defences, they think it would never happen to them, they think it would never be relevant to them and they are even easier targets that they would have before.”

Haworth encourages people to guard against cults even if they think they’d never expect to believe  themselves. When first asked why students join cults, Haworth stressed that students do not join cults rather they are recruited. He argues that cults rely on a series of mind control techniques to trap recruits into the ‘invisible handcuffs’ Theresa May spoke about.

On the Cult Information Centre’s website they list a series of 26 techniques you must guard against. These include hypnosis, peer group pressure, isolation, and metacommunication (the act of impacting subliminal message by stressing key words). Every cult is different and some only use ten techniques while others may use all 26. Haworth stresses that people are recruited by these techniques rather than by any allegiance to a message. However, Haworth is careful not to use the term brainwashing.

“Brainwashing was the word used to describe what happened to prisoners of war in Indo-China and Korea, [with mind control] you are not being held physically, you are not being taken by the enemy wearing army fatigues and being locked up. On the surface you appear to be quite free, but psychologically you are being held. So it’s much more powerful and much more sophisticated.”

The Cult Information Centre offer information on how to deal with friends and family if it appears that they are being recruited into a cult.

“Expose the cult as much as you can – as long as they are not already controlled by the cult. It is easy to underestimate the speed of the influence. You have got to be sure that they are not already involved, because a cult member will be very quickly programmed to understand that anyone who is critical is full of negativity or is an agent of the devil or something like that.

“When family and friends are critical they fall into a trap, the cult member becomes alienated and it becomes difficult to talk to them after that.”

Once someone has been recruited Haworth advises against being directly critical but suggests other ways to reveal the true nature of the cult playing on the very techniques the cult uses.

“You need to be as loving and kind as possible, you don’t attack the group head on. You don’t say it’s a good thing, you don’t say it’s a bad thing either. But instead of saying ‘Hey! That group is as phoney as a three dollar bill look at what is said about them on this website.’ which would cause them to become more alienated from you.

“You might say instead ‘Hey! I know this means a lot to you.’ now you’re not saying its a good thing, you’re just pointing out it means a lot to them and it does. ‘Tell me, I’ve been trying to get my head around this.’ Cult members have been programmed to see themselves as the elite and you as a non-cult member are a mere mortal and nothing else. They like to understand that they can lord it over you, so you can play to that by saying ‘Hey! I’ve been trying to get my head around it all, I had a look on the internet the other day. Why are these people being so critical on their website about your group. Why are they saying these things?’

“So you and your friend now are looking at why these critics are saying things, so you’re on the same side. You’re trying to reactivate the person’s critical mind with this process. That could be achieved in a day, it might take a week, it might take a month, it might take ten years. But the good news is that there’s no reason why you should fail.”

While cases such the Maoist ‘slaves’ may never be fully explained, the Cult Information Centre highlights the way cults recruit members not through persuasion but through psychological coercion. Students should be wary, if you think you’re too smart to ever believe in such nonsense and let your guard down, you might be just smart enough to be recruited.

Overseas students are vital to universities. The huge fees they pay, which can be in excess of £20,000 per year, provide an essential source of funding for universities such as the University of Manchester. Given the huge contribution they make, you’d expect the Government to roll out the red carpet for them. In reality, many feel they are under constants surveillance by the UK Border Agency and no longer feel welcome.

To challenge this contradiction, overseas students at the University of Manchester have launched a campaign to raise awareness of the UKBA’s heavy handed monitoring policies.

“On one side, we have a university that is very welcoming and all our classes are very welcoming, but at the same time we have a discriminatory politics from the government that make us feel very unwelcome,” said Chilean physics PhD student Tania Sauma.

The main target of the I’m Not Welcome campaign was the UK-wide surveillance and monitoring of international students. American cultural studies PhD student Patrick O’Shea explained the policy, “This is a policy that originates from The Home Office, it’s administered through the UK Border Agency and the distinct schools of the University.

“It might differ in the way that it’s administered, universities might choose to do it differently, but all UK universities are obligated to monitor their non-EU students.

“This is part of a broader set of overseas student policies which go into an even larger set of anti-immigration policies of this government.”

When Tania Sauma arrived in the UK to begin her studies, the situation was very different.

“It all started last year, I arrived in April 2012 and everything was fine then. But things changed very quickly after the London Metropolitan case. After that all the Universities were asked to monitor the students.”

At London Metropolitan University a large number of overseas students, who were primarily coming for language courses, were on either fraudulent visas or were not completing the terms of their visas. As a result, London Metropolitan were stripped of their Highly Trusted Sponsor status which allowed them to sponsor applications for student visas from international students.

Overseas students, including the ones that had not come on fraudulent visas were being punished for the University’s lax behaviour, they were told that they had 60 days to either find a new place of study or leave the United Kingdom. For London Met this was disastrous, the University relied heavily on revenue from overseas students. While the UKBA eventually reinstated the University’s Highly Trusted Sponsor status, the damage had been done.

Patrick O’Shea explained that, “What’s happened since then is a crackdown on all the overseas students across the UK in universities. So the UK Border Agency and the Home Office have been putting pressure on the universities and have obligated them to start monitoring the attendance [of overseas students].”

Overseas students now have to periodically check in to prove they are not violating the terms of their visa. The system varies from university to university, Tania’s cousin at university in London has to sign in every week while at Manchester students are required to sign in every three months, although until recently they were required to sign in every month. If for whatever reason they cannot check in, they are sent a threatening email.

“If we do not hear from you within 5 days of receiving this email we will have no alternative but to request that your absence be reported to the UK Border Agency (UKBA). This will mean that your permission to remain in the UK will be curtailed and you will have to return home as soon as possible (but definitely within 60 days). If registered, you will be withdrawn from your course at the University.”

Patrick compares it to being under house arrest or benefits, where you are regularly forced to sign in.

“Our big opposition to it is not just that it makes us feel unwelcome, which is the immediate impact, but in the larger picture it has repercussions for the way the university system across the UK will be affected in terms of attracting overseas students,” he said.

The visa restrictions on overseas students will be expanded to cover not just students but overseas scholars as well.

“There was an 80 year old historian from Algeria who got denied his visa to speak at a conference. He was invited by Oxford, not Manchester Metropolitan, but Oxford. This is happening across the country. The Anthropology conference organised here, was organised by a Manchester University professor called John Gledhill. He was cited in a Guardian article, he had a really hard time organising that conference and getting people from outside the UK to come in and speak.” Patrick said.

“I think it is harming academia in general,” added Tania.

The I’m Not Welcome campaign were quick to point their grudge is with UK Border Agency not the University.

Patrick said, “It is not the school. In fact, you can tell when the school language ends and the UKBA language begins, because it becomes more threatening. It basically says that if you don’t come in within five days we will report you to the UKBA, your visa will be revoked, your programme will be cancelled and you have to leave the UK within 60 days.

“This is in the middle of your programme, many of these came to me when I was in the middle of writing up the final version of my thesis in the final months of my programme. It was a very stressful period and they said we were going to deport you if you don’t come in within five days.

“It is not a hard thing to do, but essentially what it constitutes is another mechanism for the Home Office and the UKBA to be able to deport us if they see fit. It’s a way politically for them to be able to look good for the right wing politicians and the people who want to get tough on immigration. Targeting international students is an easy way to do that because there are not a lot of repercussions.”

Tania said she felt “powerless”. In her case she went on holiday for one week, she’d notified her PhD supervisor that she was taking a week off. When she came back she had two emails from the school.

“One said ‘Tania, congratulations you have just got funding from the school for your experiment.’, then another email from the same secretary said ‘You will get deported because you have missed the International Student Census’. I thought okay, this doesn’t make any sense. Why are they funding me, if they are going to deport me, if I am being so dangerous or doing something so wrong, why would they fund me.

“We realised that the University is not willing to do this. They are just doing it because they have to.  There is no need to do this because we are actually being monitored by eProg, which is the online system for PhD and Masters students, and the undergraduates have to report into tutorials.”

Patrick stress ‘we are duly monitored, as PhD students we have to have monthly meeting with our supervisors. In some respects, we always have to be monitored. All these threats come before our visas actually expire. They basically say that we are going to terminate your visa early.’

While the monitoring is the focal point of the campaign it is not the only policy directly affecting overseas students. Once undergraduates and masters students finish their programmes, if they wish to stay in the country, they are only given two months to find a job which makes over £20,000 a year, if they cannot they have to leave the country. The employer also has to be able prove that a Briton couldn’t have been employed for the same role. The whole system is absurd, we educate some of the best and the brightest in the world, yet we only give them two months before we kick them out. Recently, the government have decided to extend the period for doctoral students who can now extend their visa for a year for £400.

There are several proposals currently being discussed that could make the situation even worse for overseas students. One is to charge overseas students £200 to use the NHS, and another more severe proposal would require overseas students pay a £1000 non-refundable deposit to confirm their place at a University. This would apply to all overseas students, and would require them to pay even before any scholarships had been given out. For Patrick and Tania these policies would be too much.

“I wouldn’t be here” Tania said and Patrick concurred that he wouldn’t likely either. This isn’t just an issue affecting overseas students alone. If these proposals go ahead and people like Tania and Patrick choose not to come universities will lack a key source of revenue and will devalue our universities as they would no longer be able to attract the best talent in the world.

“I have a scholarship from my government, I am absolutely funded by the Chilean government. I get nothing from the UK except the use of the NHS – I only went once. I could be anywhere else in the world because of my academic profile and because of my government funding. I just don’t want to be treated this way. If I had known things would have been like this I would have gone to France.”

The I’m Not Welcome campaign will hold their first public assembly on Monday the 2nd of December at 6pm in the Council Chambers. To find out more about the campaign, you can visit their facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/imnotwelcome/